Training on human system (Respiretory system,Diseases and relevant products.

Respirratory system

All living cells requiure a constant supply of oxygen in order to carry on their metabolism. it is the system which allows the entrance of air from the nose into the lungs and exchanges gases with the blood in the alveoli.

Rispiration:

There are two phases. Inspiration-Intake of air into the laungs. Expiration- Release of air from the laungs.

Two types of Respiration:

External Respiration:-

Absorption of oxygen from air to blood and excretion of carbon dioxade from blood to air.

Internal Respiration-:

Oxygen is transferred from blood to tissue and at the same time give up carbon dioxide.

Finction of Respiratory system: 1.Gaseous exchange- Utilization of oxygen in the tissue & removal of carbon dioxide from the lungs. 2.Metabolism function-Oxygen is necessary for tissue metabolism. 3.Excretion- Volatile substances like ammonia ,alcohol,water,vapor. 4.Regulation of temperature- Heat realesed through expired air.

Parts of Respiratory System

There are two parts:

1.Upper respiretory tract 2.Lower respiretory tract

Upper respiratory tract-

1.Nose 2. Nasopharynx.3.Larynx up to vocal folds.

Lower Resperitory Tract-

1.Laryngs below vocal folds. 2.Trachea 3.Bronchi 4.Bronchioles 5.Alveolar duct. 6.Alveolar sac.

Para Nasal Sinuses:

Some of our bones surrounding the nasal cavity are hollow.The hollows in the bones are called the paranasal sinuses.

Paranasal sinuses are air space or hollow space forming boundary of nasal caity e.g. Frontal sinus,Maxillary sinus.
All the paranasal sinuses are lined with mucous membrane and all open tnto the nasal cavity from which they may become infected which is called sinusitis.

Trachea

Wide tube; ring like structure situated once upon another.it is contenuous with the lower end of the larynx.At its lower ends trachea divided into right and left principal bornchi before enters into the lungs.

Bronchi:

Two in number ,right and left,connects with lungs.

Lungs:

Pair of respiratory organ situated in the thoracic cavity.The lungs are conical in shape and spongy in nature.

Alveolar Duct and Alveoli:

Terminal bronchioles branch after branch to form minute alveolar duct from which alveolar sacs and alveoli open. The alveoli are surrounded by network of cappillaries.Deoxygeneted blood enters the capillary network from the pulmonary veins.Capillary network exchanges gases between the air in the alveoli and the blood vessels.

Pleura:

Covering of the lung is called pleura.

Two layers of Pleura:

1.Viseral layer- Lines to lung surface. 2.Parietal layer-Lines chest wall.

Space between this two layers called Pleural cavity.

coming soon ( human system part-2 post )

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Monday, September 10, 2018